The foundational work, titled "Medical superintelligence: foundations and aspirations" (authored by Xiaoxuan Liu, Mayank Daswani, Christopher Kelly, Harsha Nori, Nicola Ding, Matthew M. Nour, Emma Rocheteau, Craig Sherstan, Viknesh Sounderajah, Adrian D. Haimovich, Eric Topol, Mustafa Suleyman, Dominic King, and Eric Horvitz), defines medical superintelligence not as superhuman accuracy on isolated tasks, but as the capacity to surpass the strongest contemporary human-led hea

Healthcare delivery and biomedical informatics are undergoing an architectural paradigm shift. The historical paradigm of conversational software in healthcare—dominated by rule-based, scripted decision trees and stateless conversational wrappers—is being superseded by agentic artificial intelligence (AI). Earlier iterations of healthcare chatbots functioned primarily as rigid digital directories, constrained by hardcoded deterministic pathways, static symptom-checking logic,