For over two decades, major technology conglomerates attempted to capture the business-to-consumer (B2C) personal health record (PHR) market, committing billions of dollars toward consumer-facing health repositories. Initiatives such as Microsoft HealthVault (2007–2019), Google Health (2008–2012), and Amazon’s healthcare endeavours, spanning Haven, Amazon Care, and the Halo wellness line—failed to achieve meaningful consumer penetration or long-term engagement.